银行招聘考试英语历年真题—完形填空(三)
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state.The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__ states,such as__2__ to the Greeks.With very few exceptions,Roman theorists ignored,or rejected__3__ valueless,intellectual exercises like Plato’s Republic,in__4__ the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or individuals.The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publica,and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__.Roman thought about the state was concrete,even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts.The first ruler of Rome,Romulus,was__9__ to have received authority from the gods,specifically from Jupiter,the“guarantor”of Rome.All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__.Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__,the family heads who formed the original senate,__13__the religious character necessary to exercise authority,because its original function was to__14__the gods.Being practical as well as exclusive,the senators moved__15__to divide the authority,holding that their consuls,or chief officials,would possess it on__16__months,and later extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing__18__authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__the mass of the people concurred.The system grew with enormous __20__,as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.
1.[A]with<B>for[C]in[D]to
2.[A]tempted<B>attracted[C]appealed[D]transferred
3.[A]on<B>for[C]as[D]about
4.[A]which<B>that[C]what[D]it
5.[A]turned<B>worked[C]brought[D]made
6.[A]special<B>specific[C]peculiar[D]particular
7.[A]existence<B>store[C]reality[D]mind
8.[A]abandoned<B>caught[C]separated[D]involved
9.[A]told<B>held[C]suggested[D]advised
10.[A]tendency<B>procedure[C]development[D]relation
11.[A]authority<B>power[C]control[D]ruling
12.[A]officers<B>men[C]administrators[D]fathers
13.[A]possessed<B>claimed[C]assured[D]enforced
14.[A]confirm<B>confer[C]consult[D]consider
15.[A]over<B>along[C]on[D]about
16.[A]alternate<B>different[C]varied[D]several
17.[A]And<B>So[C]Or[D]But
18.[A]state<B>country[C]people[D]national
19.[A]as<B>when[C]if[D]so
20.[A]dimension<B>complexity[C]exercise[D]function

SectionⅠUse of English答案
 
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.C
11.A 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.B
1.【精解】本题考查介词用法辨析。空格处的介词与名词短语the construction of ideal states搭配,作blueprints的后置定语,意为“……的蓝图”。for可表示对象、用途,意为“给,对,供”等,如a book for children(儿童读物),a new table for the dining room(用在饭厅的新桌子)。本句中,“建设理想国家”是“蓝图”的用途,因此选择介词for,<B>正确。其它介词:with和名词搭配常表示“具有……特征”,如a woman with a hot temper(脾气暴躁的女人);with和动词搭配常表示“用,以,借”,如Cut it with a knife.(用刀把它切开。)in表示“以,用(语言,材料等)”,如He spoke in a loud voice.(他大声说话。)to表示“到,达(某种状态)”,如He tore the letter to pieces.(他把信撕碎了。)
2.【精解】本题考查动词用法辨析。空格所在部分such as__2 __to the Greeks是一个定语从句,其中as为关系代词,指代先行词blueprints。因此,该从句的主语是as指代的blueprints,谓语是空格处填入的动词。该动词是个不及物动词,与后面的介词to搭配。符合要求的只有[C]appeal,它常和介词to搭配,意为“(对某人)有吸引力,引起(某人的)兴趣”,如Do these paintings appeal to you?(你对这些画感兴趣吗?)
其它项的动词都是及物动词:tempt sb.to do sth.意为“诱惑、吸引(某人做某事)”,其中to为不定式符号,如Nothing would tempt me to live here.(什么也吸引不了我在这里居住。)attract sb.to sth.意为“引起某人对某事的好感或喜爱”,如What attracted me to the job was its challenges.(这份工作吸引我的是它的挑战性。)transfer sb./sth.to...意为“使转移,搬迁”,如transfer money to his account(将钱转到他的帐户上)。
补充:such...as意为“像……这样的”,其中as可作关系代词,引起定语从句,如The article provided such information as was not provided by most of the newspapers in the United States.(这篇文章提供了美国大部分报纸没有提供的信息。)such有时不放在所修饰的词前,而和as放在一起,如上面例句也可写成:The article provided information such as was not provided by most of the newspapers in the United States.
3.【精解】本题考查句子结构及介词用法。空格所在句子中出现了倒装结构,由于其宾语intellectual exercises的后置定语较长,因此将宾补valueless提前。该句子的正常语序是Roman theorists ignored,or rejected intellectual exercises__3__valueless。能够引出宾补的介词只有[C]as,如I respect him as a doctor.(我尊敬他这个医生。)You can use that glass as a vase.(你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用。)
4.【精解】本题考查从句的引导词。空格上下文分别是两个结构完整的分句,无法仅仅用逗号连接。由此可知,空格所在部分是in __4__引导的非限定性从句,修饰先行词Plato’s Republic,in 4在该从句中作状语。能够指代名词,并和介词搭配的关系代词是[A]which。<B>that不用在非限定性从句中,[C]what只能引导名词性从句,[D]it不能引导从句。
5.【精解】本题考查短语动词辨析。空格所在部分was__5__out是定语从句中的谓语,由于它是被动式,因此其逻辑宾语就是该从句的主语the relationship。turn out意为“制造,生产;关掉,熄灭”,如turn out 900 cars a week(一周生产900辆汽车),turn out the lights(关灯)。work out意为“计算,算出;处理,解决;计划,思考”,如work out the answer/a problem/a new way(计算出答案/解决问题/制定出新方案)。bring out意为“使显现,使表现出;生产,出版”;如A crisis brings out the best in her.(危机促使她表现得特别出色。)The band have just brought out the second album.(这个乐队刚刚推出了他们的第二张专辑。)。make out意为“辨认;理解,明白”,如make out a figure in the darkness(在黑暗中看出一个人的轮廓),make out what she was saying(弄明白她在说些什么)。根据句意,应该选<B>,work out the relationship表示“想出或制定出(个人与国家之间的)关系”。
6.【精解】本题考查近义形容词辨析。选项中四个形容词为近义词。special意为“特别的,专门的”,如special treatment(特殊照顾)。specific意为“特殊的;明确的”,如There is a specific tool for each job.(每个工种都配备特定的工具。)specific instructions(明确的指示)。peculiar意为“奇怪的;独特的”,如The food has a peculiar taste.(这食物有种怪味道。)The Mid-Autumn Festival is peculiar to China.(中秋节是中国所独有的。)particular意为“不寻常的,特别的”,如particular attention(特别注意)。但是particular也可意为“专指的,特指的”,这种用法的particular只用在名词前作定语,与泛指相对,如Is there a particular type of book he enjoys?(他特别喜爱哪一类书籍吗?)由句意可知,空格处填入的形容词修饰states or individuals,表示“特指的国家或个人”,与上文提到的“泛指的国家或个人”相对。因此应选[D]。
7.【精解】本题考查固定搭配。have sb./sth.in mind意为“心中有适当的人(或事情)等”,如Watching TV all evening wasn’t exactly what I had in mind!(我才不愿整个晚上都看电视!)空格所在部分表达的含义是“对罗马有了非常清楚的想法”,因此应选[D]mind。
其它项都可以和介词in搭配:in store意为“即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)”,如They think it’ll be easy but they have a surprise in store.(他们以为事情容易,到时候他们就会吃惊的。)in existence意为“现存”,如This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.(这是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。)in reality意为“实际上,事实上”,如She seemed confident but in reality she felt nervous.(她看起来自信,而实际上很紧张。)显然,其它项都不符合文意。
8.【精解】本题考查动词词义辨析。空格所在部分是even when引导的让步状语从句,其中it指代上文的Roman thought(罗马人的想法),空格处填入的动词是谓语,其宾语是religious and moral concepts。选项中,abandon意为“放弃,抛弃”,如abandon the hope/one’s lands(放弃希望/丢下土地)。catch意为“染病;听见,理解”,如catch a cold/what you said(得感冒/弄懂你说的话)。separate意为“分开,隔开”,如It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.(信仰和感情是分不开的。)involve意为“包含;牵涉,牵连”,如Any investment involves an element of risk.(任何投资都有一定的冒险成分。)a serious incident involving a group of youths(涉及一群年轻人的严重事件)。根据句意,应选[D],表示“即使涉及到宗教和道德概念”。
9.【精解】本题考查动词用法辨析。空格所在部分was__9__为谓语动词的被动式,其主语是The first ruler,不定式结构to have...作主补。be told to do意为“被命令、吩咐做某事”,如He was told to sit down and wait.(有人吩咐他坐下等着。)be held to be/do意为“被认为是/做……”,如These vases are held to be the finest examples of Greek art.(这些花瓶被视为最精美的希腊艺术代表作。)suggest不与不定式连用,因此不存在be suggested to do的结构。be advised to do意为“被建议做某事”,如He was advised to take a complete rest.(他被建议彻底休息一下。)文中不定式的完成式to have received表明该动作发生在空格动词动作之前,根据句意,应选择<B>held,表示“统治者被认为已经获得了……”。
10.【精解】本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格处填入的名词被constitutional(立宪的,宪法的)修饰。tendency意为“趋势,倾向”;procedure意为“程序,手续,步骤”;development意为“发展”;relation意为“关系”。根据句意,选择[C],表示“宪法的发展”。
11.【精解】本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。authority意为“权力,职权”;power意为“控制力,操纵力;权力”;control意为“控制”;ruling意为“判决,裁定,统治”。由于上文提到,“统治者从神那里获得了权利(authority)”,因此空格所在句子的含义应是“宪法授予和管理该权力”,此外,下文也提到“行使权力(exercise authority)”,因此本题**答案是[A]。
12.【精解】本题考查名词词义辨析。officers指“官员”;men指“男人们”;administrators指“管理人员,行政官员”;复数形式的fathers一般指“祖先,先父”。下文的插入语the family...senate是空格处名词的同位语,其中the family head是对father的解释,senate(参议院)与assembly(立法机构)在含义上相呼应。因此本题应选[D]。
13.【精解】本题考查动词词义辨析。空格处填入动词,其主语是the assembly of the fathers,宾语是the religious character。[A]possess意为“拥有;具有(特质)”,如He doesn’t possess a sense of humor.(他没有什么幽默感。)[A]在文中可表示“具有(宗教特质)”,符合文意。其它项:claim意为“要求,请求,主张”;assure意为“保证,担保”,一般接sb.作宾语;enforce意为“强制执行,强行实施;强迫”。14.【精解】本题考查形近动词辨析。空格所在部分是because引导的状语从句,解释上文“先父们的立法机构拥有行使权利所必须的宗教特质”的原因。confirm意为“确定,批准,证实”;confer意为“授予”;consult意为“咨询,请教”;consider意为“考虑”。根据句意,应选[C],表示“向神寻求建议或启示”。
15.【精解】本题考查短语动词辨析。move over意为“挪开,让位置”,如He felt he should move over in favor of a younger man.(他觉得他应该让位给一个更年轻的人。)move along意为“向前移动(以腾出空间)”,如The people in the bus moved along,to make room for others.(公车里的人往前挪以便给别人腾地方。)move on意为“往前走;开始做(新的事情)”,如Can we move on to the next item on the agenda?(我们可以接着讨论下一项议程吗?)move about意为“不停地走动”,如You will be warm enough if you move about.(如果你到处走动一下你就会感到很暖和的。)上文提到,“最初的参议院拥有行使权利所必须的宗教特质”,本句则提到,“参议员们将权利再进行分割”,显然,两个分句之间是“继续,接着”的含义,应选[C]。
16.【精解】本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格处填入的形容词修饰months。alternate可意为“间隔的,每隔(……天的)”,如He has to work on alternate Sundays.(他每隔一周就有一个周日得上班。)different意为“不同的”,如shirts of different colors(颜色不同的衬衫)。varied意为“各种各样的”,如varied cultures(各种不同的文化)。several意为“几个,若干”,如several hours a day(每天几个小时)。根据句意,司法官或总管官员拥有权力的时间应是“每隔一个月”,而不是“不同的月”、“各种各样的月”或“几个月”。因此,[A]为正确项。
17.【精解】本题考查逻辑词。空格处填入的连词表示所在分句与上文之间的逻辑关系。上文提到,参议院拥有权利,并将它下放到各级官员手中。空格所在部分是一个长句,其主干结构是the achievement was to create the idea of continuing...authority(成就是创造持续的……权力的概念)。authority后是两个并列的分词结构,即,embodied...in和conferred...作后置定语。由句意可知,本句仍然在讨论权力下放的问题,但它强调这种权力不完全属于上层阶级,也需要大众的认可。因此在含义上本句出现了转折。选项中,And表并列,So表因果,Or表选择,But表转折。[D]为正确项。
18.【精解】本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格处的名词作定语,修饰authority。本文一开始就提到罗马人关于国家理论的形成(Roman theorizing about the state)。文中多次出现了关键词state。因此可推知,空格部分涉及的是应是“国家权力”。state authority是表达“国家权力”的习惯搭配,一般不用country或people,national authority常表示“民族权力机构”。
19.【精解】本题考查连词用法辨析。空格处填入一连词,引导后面的从句,和空格前的过去分词一起在句子中作状语。该分词结构可以扩充为一个完整的句子,即,authority was conferred only__19__the mass of the people concurred.由于as和so都不与only连用,应排除。能与only连用的连词是when和if。only when引导时间状语从句,意为“只有在……时候才……”,如Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story.(只有在他看了报纸后他才知道那则报导。)only if引导条件从句,多与现在时连用,意为“只有在……条件下才……”,如Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.(只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。)正确项为<B>。
20.【精解】本题考查名词词义辨析。空格所在部分with enormous__ 20__作状语,修饰grew。dimension意为“大小,规模,程度,范围”;complexity意为“复杂性”;exercise意为“活动,练习;行使,运用”;function意为“功能”。下文as引导时间状语从句,说明了主语动作发生的背景和原因。“新的部门和立法机构被创造出来并且几乎没有任何一个被摈弃”导致的结果应该是“系统越来越复杂”,<B>为正确项。